Câu trần thuật– Reported Speech là loại câu được dùng khi người
nào đó muốn kể lại cho người khác nghe về một sự việc nào đó. Câu trần thuật được
sử dụng rất nhiều trong phần thi nói IELTS Speaking Part 2 do đó bạn hãy luyện
tập thật thành thục để có thể nâng cao band điểm của mình.
1. Cách trần thuật câu khẳng định và phủ định
Sử dụng động từ trần thuật: say, tell
Nếu động từ trần thuật ở hiện tại đơn giản thì giữ nguyên thời của câu trực tiếp.
Câu trực tiếp: I like ice cream.
Câu trần thuật: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
Nếu động từ trần thuật ở quá khứ thì cần lùi một thì của câu trực tiếp
Câu trực tiếp: I like ice cream.
Câu trần thuật: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
|
Thì của động từ |
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu trần thuật |
|
present simple |
I like ice cream |
She said (that) she liked ice cream. |
|
present continuous |
I am living in London |
She said (that) she was living in London. |
|
past simple |
I bought a car |
She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car. |
|
past continuous |
I was walking along the street |
She said (that) she had been walking along the street. |
|
present perfect |
I haven't seen Julie |
She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie. |
|
past perfect* |
I had taken English lessons before |
She said (that) she had taken English lessons before. |
|
will |
I'll see you later |
She said (that) she would see me later. |
|
would* |
I would help, but..” |
She said (that) she would help but... |
|
can |
I can speak perfect English |
She said (that) she could speak perfect English. |
|
could* |
I could swim when I was four |
She said (that) she could swim when she was four. |
|
shall |
I shall come later |
She said (that) she would come later. |
|
should* |
I should call my mother |
She said (that) she should call her mother |
|
might* |
I might be late |
She said (that) she might be late |
|
must |
I must study at the weekend |
She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend |
2. Cách trần thuật câu hỏi:
- Dùng động từ "asked” để trần thuật
- lưu ý chuyển câu trực tiếp từ dạng câu hỏi sang dạng câu trần thuật
2.1. Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi:
- chuyển từ dạng câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.
Câu trực tiếp: Where do you live?
Câu trần thuật: She asked me where I lived.
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu trần thuật |
|
Where is the Post Office, please? |
She asked me where the Post Office was. |
|
What are you doing? |
She asked me what I was doing. |
|
Who was that fantastic man? |
She asked me who that fantastic man had been. |
2.2 Câu hỏi dạng Yes/No questions:
- chuyển từ dạng câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.
- thêm "if” vào trước mệnh đề cần trần thuật lại nội dung
Câu trực tiếp: Do you like chocolate?
Câu trần thuật: She asked meifI liked chocolate.
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu trần thuật |
|
Do you love me? |
He asked me if I loved him. |
|
Have you ever been to Mexico? |
She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico. |
|
Are you living here? |
She asked me if I was living here. |
3. Cách trần thuật câu cầu khiến lịch sự
-Đối với câu cầu khiến dạng lịch sự thì chuyển từ câu trực tiếp thành câu trần thuật bằng cách sử dụng cấu trúc "ask somebody to do something - nhờ ai làm gì."
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu trần thuật |
|
Please help me. |
She asked me to help her. |
|
Please don't smoke. |
She asked me not to smoke. |
|
Could you bring my book tonight? |
She asked me to bring her book that night. |
|
Could you pass the milk, please? |
She asked me to pass the milk. |
|
Would you mind coming early tomorrow? |
She asked me to come early the next day. |
-Với dạng cầu khiến phủ định thì thêm "not”
Câu trực tiếp: Please don't be late.
Câu trần thuật: She asked usnotto be late.
4. Cách trần thuật câu mệnh lệnh
Sử dụng cấu trúc "tell somebody to do something: yêu cầu ai làm gì đó”
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu trần thuật |
|
Go to bed! |
He told the child to go to bed. |
|
Don't worry! |
He told her not to worry. |
|
Be on time! |
He told me to be on time. |
|
Don't smoke! |
He told us not to smoke. |
5. Cách chuyển đổi các từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trần thuật
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu trần thuật |
|
now |
then / at that time |
|
today |
yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June |
|
yesterday |
the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December |
|
last night |
the night before, Thursday night |
|
last week |
the week before / the previous week |
|
tomorrow |
today / the next day / the following day / Friday |